Lydia

Kingdom of Lydia
1200–546 BC
Map of the Lydian Kingdom in its final period of sovereignty under Croesus, c. 547 BC.
Capital	Sardis
Common languages	Lydian
Religion	Lydian religion
Government	Monarchy
Kings[a]
• 680–644 BC	Gyges
• 644–637 BC	Ardys
• 637–635 BC	Sadyattes
• 635–585 BC	Alyattes
• 585–546 BC	Croesus
Historical era	Iron Age
• Bronze Age Collapse	1200 BC
• Lydian-Cimmerian Wars	670–630s BC
• Lydian–Milesian War	612–600 BC
• Lydian-Median War	590–585 BC
• Fall to Persia	546 BC
Currency	Croeseid
Preceded by Succeeded by Hittites Phrygia Cimmerians Treri Ionian League Achaemenid Empire

Lydia (Ancient Greek: Λυδία, romanized: Lȳdiā; Latin: Lȳdia) was an Iron Age kingdom situated in the west of Asia Minor, in modern-day Turkey. The ethnic group inhabiting this kingdom are known as the Lydians, and their language as Lydian and their capital was Sardis.^[1]

The Kingdom of Lydia existed from about 1200 BC to 546 BC. At its greatest extent, during the 7th century BC, it covered all of western Anatolia. In 546 BC, it became a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire, known as Sparda in Old Persian. In 133 BC, it became part of the Roman province of Asia.

The region of the Lydian kingdom was during the 15th–14th centuries BC part of the Arzawa kingdom. However, the Lydian language is usually not categorized as part of the Luwic subgroup, unlike the other nearby Anatolian languages Luwian, Carian, and Lycian.^[2]

Lydian coins, made of silver, are among the oldest in existence, dated to around the 7th century BC.^[3][4]

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